The ultimate guide to pre-trip inspections for CDL drivers

Conducting a pre-trip inspection doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Breaking it down into a step-by-step process helps ensure that you cover all the critical components without missing any details. Here’s a comprehensive checklist to guide you through a thorough pre-trip inspection, tailored specifically to CDL requirements:

1. Begin with the vehicle exterior

Begin by walking around your truck and trailer to check for any obvious signs of damage, leaks, or anything that seems out of place. This initial step helps you get an overall sense of the vehicle’s condition before diving into more specific areas.

• Check for leaks: Look underneath the vehicle for any signs of fluid leaks such as oil, coolant, or fuel, which can indicate a serious issue that needs immediate attention.
• Inspect mirrors and windows: Ensure that all mirrors and windows are clean, not cracked, and properly adjusted. Check for any signs of damage that could impair your visibility.
• Test doors and latches: Open and close all doors to make sure they operate smoothly and latch securely. Check that all hinges and latches are intact and functional.
• Identify any balance issues: Make sure the truck isn’t leaning to one side or the other, which can indicate tire issues or improper suspension.

2. Inspect the engine compartment

Open the hood and inspect the engine compartment for any mechanical issues that could lead to breakdowns.

• Check fluid levels: Verify that all fluid levels (oil, coolant, power steering, brake fluid, and windshield washer fluid) are at their proper levels. Low levels could indicate leaks or inadequate maintenance.
• Inspect belts and hoses: Look for cracks, fraying, or other signs of wear on belts and hoses. A broken belt or hose can lead to engine failure or overheating.
• Battery connections: Check the battery terminals for tight connections and corrosion, as this can cause electrical problems.
• Examine the steering shaft and gear box: Ensure that these entities are secure, without blemishes or damage.
• Look at the shock absorber: Ensure there aren’t any leaks and that no dry rot is present. Also be sure that this component is securely mounted.

3. Conduct a brake system check

Your brake system is perhaps the most important component of this inspection. Make sure to check these features at minimum:

• Check brake lines: Inspect all brake lines for air leaks and check that all components are securely attached and in good condition.
• Address damaged items: Replace any pads, drums, or discs that are worn out, as this can detrimentally impact your vehicle’s ability to slow down and stop in time. Brake pads should be no thinner than ¼ of an inch.
• Perform an air brake test: Ensure the system is holding pressure and that there are no leaks or malfunctions. Listen for any hissing sounds that might indicate an air leak.

4. Take a look at the suspension system

A healthy suspension system is vital for vehicle stability and handling. Here’s how to check for anomalies:

• Check leaf springs and shocks: Look for broken, missing, or shifted leaf springs. Ensure that shocks are not leaking and are securely mounted.
• Inspect mounting hardware: Check that all bolts, brackets, and bushings are secure and not showing signs of wear or damage.
• Look for unusual wear patterns: Unusual tire wear can indicate a suspension or alignment issue. Be sure to replace any tires that show too much wear and tear.

5. Examine tires and wheels

Tires and wheels are your connection to the road—keep it strong with these quick tests.

• Check tire pressure: Use a tire pressure gauge to ensure all tires are inflated to the manufacturer’s recommended levels. Underinflated or overinflated tires can affect handling and increase the risk of blowouts.
• Inspect tread depth: Measure the tread depth to ensure it meets the legal minimum requirements. Steer tires should have a minimum tread depth of at least 4/32 of an inch, while drive and trailer tires should have a tread depth of at least 2/32 of an inch.
• Examine rims and lug nuts: Check rims for cracks or dents. Ensure all lug nuts are tight and show no signs of rust or damage.
• Find any unauthorized welding jobs: Look at your wheels’ rims to ensure that no faulty welds are present. This can compromise the durability of your wheels.

6. Test the lights and reflectors

Ensure all lights and reflectors work well to prevent accidents, especially at night and in poor weather conditions.

• Check all exterior lights: Test headlights, high beams, brake lights, turn signals, and hazard lights. Make sure they’re all working properly and are not obscured by dirt or damage.
• Verify reflectors and marketer lights: Ensure that all reflectors and marker lights are clean, visible, and undamaged. These are essential for making your vehicle visible to others.

7. Verify safety equipment

Having the right safety equipment on board and in good condition is not only a legal requirement, but keeps you prepared for emergencies.

• Check the fire extinguisher: Make sure the fire extinguisher is fully charged, correctly mounted, and easily accessible. Also, check the expiration date and replace it if necessary.
• Inspect reflective triangles: Make sure you have three reflective triangles in good condition to warn other drivers in event of a breakdown.
• Spare fuses: Pack spare fuses for any electrical issues that may arise.

8. Test the driver controls and instruments

Your vehicle’s controls and instruments give you the information you need to operate safely and efficiently. Take this time to also examine the cab for any problems.

• Test the horn: Ensure your horn works properly; it’s your communication device to other drivers.
• Check dashboard gauges: Verify that all gauges (fuel, oil pressure, temperature, etc.) are working correctly and showing normal readings.
• Inspect windshield wipers: Make sure windshield wipers are in good condition that the windshield washer fluid is full.
• Find the ABS light: The ABS light should come on and off when you turn on the truck.

9. Check your trailer

Your trailer carries valuable cargo, so keep it in peak condition to guarantee safe and secure transportation.

• Check the coupling system: Ensure the fifth wheel, kingpin, and locking jaws are securely engaged and not damaged. Check that the release arm is properly stowed.
• Inspect trailer lights and reflectors: Verify that all lights and reflectors on the trailer are functioning and visible.
• Examine trailer doors and latches: Open and close all doors to ensure they operate smoothly and latch securely. Make sure all latches and seals are intact and functioning.
• Look at the exhaust system: Verify that this is secure and free of exterior soot, which often means there’s a leak.

10. Review and document findings

After completing your inspection, be sure to document your findings to keep track of the vehicle’s condition and ensure that it meets legal standards.

• Complete a pre-trip inspection report: Record any issues you found and note any repairs that need to be made. If everything is in order, note that as well.
• Report serious issues: If you find any problems that could affect the safety or legality of your vehicle, report them to your supervisor immediately and do not operate the vehicle until they’re resolved.
• Keep a copy of the report: Always keep a copy of your pre-trip inspection report with you, as you may need to present it during roadside inspections.

While this checklist may seem extensive, regularly practicing them will help make them second nature, giving you peace of mind and confidence every time you get behind the wheel.